- Added basic project structure with workspace and crates: `kvstore`, `vault`, `evm_client`, `cli_app`, `web_app`. - Created initial `Cargo.toml` files for each crate. - Added placeholder implementations for key components. - Included initial documentation files (`README.md`, architecture docs, repo structure). - Included initial implementaion for kvstore crate(async API, backend abstraction, separation of concerns, WASM/native support, testability) - Included native and browser tests for the kvstore crate
385 lines
22 KiB
Markdown
385 lines
22 KiB
Markdown
# Architecture and Implementation Plan for the Rust Modular System
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The system is organized into three core Rust crates (`kvstore`, `vault`, `evm_client`) plus two front‐end targets (a CLI and a WASM web app). The **`kvstore`** crate defines an async `KVStore` trait and provides two implementations: on native platforms it uses **sled**, while in WASM/browser it uses IndexedDB via the `idb` crate (selected by Cargo feature flags or `#[cfg(target_arch = "wasm32")]`). For example, Wire’s core-crypto keystore uses IndexedDB with AES-GCM for WASM and SQLCipher on native platforms. The **`vault`** crate manages an encrypted keyspace of multiple keypairs (password-protected), performing cryptographic operations (sign/verify, sym/asym encryption) and persisting data through `kvstore`. The **`evm_client`** crate handles EVM RPC calls (using `alloy`), depending on `vault` to sign transactions with stored keys. A Rust **CLI** binary ties these together with a Rhai scripting engine: Rhai scripts invoke async APIs via a message-passing pattern. The **browser target** compiles to Wasm (with `wasm-bindgen`); it exposes the same APIs to JavaScript or to Rhai compiled for Wasm.
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## Crate and Module Structure
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* **Cargo workspace**: top-level `Cargo.toml` lists members `kvstore/`, `vault/`, `evm_client/`, `cli_app/`, `web_app/`. Common dev-dependencies and CI config are shared at the workspace root.
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* **Features & cfg**: In `kvstore`, define Cargo features or use `#[cfg]` to toggle backends. E.g. `cfg(not(target_arch = "wasm32"))` for sled, and `cfg(target_arch = "wasm32")` for IndexedDB. Use `async_trait` for the `KVStore` trait so implementations can be async. Similar conditional compilation applies to any platform-specific code (e.g. using WebCrypto APIs only under WASM).
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* **Dependencies**:
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* `kvstore` depends on `sled` (native) and `idb` (WASM), and defines `async fn` methods. Blocking DB calls (sled) must be offloaded via a `spawn_blocking` provided by the caller.
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* `vault` depends on `kvstore` and various crypto crates (e.g. `aes-gcm` or `chacha20poly1305` for symmetric encryption; `k256`/`rust-crypto` for signatures). For WASM compatibility, ensure chosen crypto crates support `wasm32-unknown-unknown`. Keys are encrypted at rest with a password-derived key (AES-256-GCM or similar).
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* `evm_client` depends on `vault` (for signing) and an Ethereum library (e.g. `alloy` with an async HTTP provider). On WASM, use `wasm-bindgen-futures` to call JavaScript fetch or use a crate like `reqwest` with the `wasm` feature.
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* The **CLI** (binary) depends on Rhai (`rhai` crate), `tokio` or similar for async execution, and the above libraries. It sets up an async runtime (e.g. Tokio) to run tasks.
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* The **web\_app** (WASM target) depends on `wasm-bindgen`/`wasm-bindgen-futures` and `vault`/`evm_client`. It uses `wasm-bindgen` to expose Rust functions to JS. Rhai can also be compiled to WASM for scripting in-browser, but must be integrated via the same message-passing pattern (see below).
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## `kvstore` Crate Design
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The `kvstore` crate defines:
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```rust
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#[async_trait]
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pub trait KVStore {
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async fn get(&self, key: &str) -> Option<Vec<u8>>;
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async fn put(&self, key: &str, value: &[u8]) -> ();
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async fn delete(&self, key: &str) -> ();
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// ...
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}
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```
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It then provides two modules implementing this trait:
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* **Native backend (sled)**: A wrapper around `sled::Db`. Since `sled` I/O is blocking, each call should be executed in a blocking context (e.g. using `tokio::task::spawn_blocking`) so as not to block the async runtime.
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* **WASM/browser backend (IndexedDB)**: Uses the `idb` crate (or `web-sys`/`gloo`) to store data in the browser’s IndexedDB. This implementation is inherently async (Promise-based) and works in `wasm32-unknown-unknown`. On compilation, one can use Cargo features like `default-features = false` and `features = ["native", "wasm"]`, or simply `#[cfg]` to select the correct backend.
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Citing best practice: the pattern of having an encrypted keystore use IndexedDB on WASM is standard (e.g. Wire’s core-crypto keystore). We will mirror that by encrypting data before `put`-ting it. The `kvstore` implementation will automatically be runtime-agnostic (using only `std::future::Future` in its APIs).
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## `vault` Crate Design
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The `vault` crate implements a WebAssembly-compatible cryptographic keystore. It manages:
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* **Encrypted keyspace**: A password protects all key material. On open, derive an encryption key (e.g. via scrypt or PBKDF2) and decrypt the stored vault (a blob in `kvstore`). Inside, multiple keypairs (e.g. Ethereum secp256k1 keys, Ed25519 keys, etc.) are stored.
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* **Crypto APIs**: Expose async functions to create new keys, list keys, and to perform crypto operations: e.g. `async fn sign_transaction(&self, key_id: &str, tx: &Transaction) -> Signature`, `async fn verify(&self, ...) -> bool`, `async fn encrypt(&self, ...)->Ciphertext`, etc.
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* **Storage**: Internally uses the `kvstore::KVStore` trait to persist the encrypted vault. For example, on each change, it re-encrypts the whole keyspace and `put`s it under a fixed ID key.
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* **WASM Compatibility**: All operations must compile to Wasm. Use Rust crypto crates compatible with `no_std`/WASM (e.g. `aes-gcm`, `k256`, `rand_core` with `getrandom` support). Alternatively, one could use the browser’s WebCrypto via `wasm-bindgen` for symmetric operations, but for simplicity we can rely on Rust crates (AES-GCM implementations that compile to WASM).
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Internally, `vault` ensures all operations return `Future`s. It will not assume any particular async runtime – for example, file I/O or crypto is fast in memory, but if any blocking work is needed (like PBKDF2 hashing), it should be done via a provided `spawn_blocking` (as recommended by forum answers). On WASM, such heavy work would yield to the JS event loop via `spawn_local` (see below).
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When open, `vault` authenticates the user’s password, loads (via `kvstore`) the encrypted blob of keys, and allows operations. Fig. above illustrates a cryptographic network: keys stored securely (vault) are used for signing on behalf of the user. Internally, best practice is to use an authenticated cipher (e.g. AES-256-GCM) with a strong KDF, as noted in existing systems.
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## `evm_client` Crate Design
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The `evm_client` crate provides async interfaces to interact with an EVM blockchain:
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* **Dependencies**: It uses the `alloy` crate for building transactions, ABI encoding, and an async HTTP provider for RPC calls.
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* **Signing**: It calls into `vault` when a transaction must be signed. For example, `evm_client.sign_and_send(tx)` will invoke `vault.sign(key_id, tx_bytes)` to get a signature.
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* **Async RPC**: All RPC calls (`eth_sendRawTransaction`, `eth_call`, etc.) are `async fn`s returning `Future`s. These futures must be runtime-agnostic: they use standard `async/await` and do not tie to Tokio specifically. For HTTP, on native targets use `reqwest` with Tokio, while on WASM use `reqwest` with its `wasm` feature or `gloo-net` with `wasm-bindgen-futures`.
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* **Configuration**: Provide a flexible config (e.g. chain ID, gas price options) via plain structs. Errors should use a common error enum or `thiserror` crate.
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* **Features**: Could have a feature flag to choose between `alloy` and `ethers`. Both are fully async.
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The `evm_client` crate itself should be purely async and not block. It will typically run on Tokio in the CLI, and on the browser’s single-threaded event loop with `spawn_local` in the web app.
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## CLI Binary (Rhai Scripting)
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The CLI binary (`cli_app`) binds everything with a user interface. Its design:
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* **Command loop**: On startup it spawns a Rhai `Engine` in a separate OS thread. The main thread runs a Tokio async runtime (or other) to handle network and I/O.
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* **Message-passing**: Use two MPSC channels: one for messages *to* the engine, and one for replies *from* the engine. According to Rhai’s multi-threaded pattern, we register API functions in the engine that send commands via channel to the main thread. The main thread processes commands (e.g. “sign this tx”, “send transaction”, etc.) using `vault`/`evm_client`, then sends back results.
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* **Blocking calls**: In Rhai, all calls are blocking from the script’s perspective. Under the hood, the registered API calls serialize the request (e.g. to JSON) and send it on the command channel. The Rhai engine will block until a reply arrives on the reply channel. This pattern ensures the script can call async Rust code seamlessly (step 6–8 in Rhai docs).
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* **Example flow**: A Rhai script calls `let res = send_tx(data)`. The `send_tx` function (registered in the engine) captures the channel handles, packages `data` into a message, and sends it. The engine thread blocks. The main thread’s async runtime reads the message, calls `evm_client.send_transaction(data).await`, then sends the result back. The Rhai engine thread receives it and returns it to the script.
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This design follows Rhai’s recommended “blocking/async” pattern. It keeps the library usage runtime-agnostic, while allowing user-defined scripts to trigger asynchronous operations.
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## Browser Application (WASM)
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The browser target (`web_app`) is compiled with `wasm-bindgen` to Wasm. It provides the same core functionality via a JS API (or Rhai in WASM). Key points:
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* **Exports**: Use `#[wasm_bindgen]` to expose async functions to JavaScript. For example, expose `async fn create_key(name: String) -> JsValue` that returns a JavaScript `Promise`. The `wasm-bindgen-futures` crate will convert Rust `Future`s into JS Promises automatically.
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* **Async runtime**: WebAssembly runs on the browser’s single thread. To perform async Rust code, we use `wasm_bindgen_futures::spawn_local` to drive futures on the JS event loop. For example, in an exported function we might do `spawn_local(async move { /* call vault, evm_client */ })`. According to docs, `spawn_local` “runs a Rust `Future` on the current thread” and schedules it as a microtask. This lets our async functions execute to completion without blocking the event loop.
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* **Promises and interop**: Return types must be `JsValue` or types convertible by `wasm_bindgen`. Complex data (e.g. byte arrays) can be passed as `Uint8Array` or encoded (e.g. hex).
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* **Rhai in WASM**: Optionally, we can compile Rhai to WebAssembly as well. In that case, we would run the Rhai engine in a WebWorker (since WASM threads are limited) and use `MessageChannel` for communication. The same message-passing pattern applies: a script call in the worker posts a message to the main thread with request data, and awaits a message back. The main thread (browser UI) handles the request using the exposed Rust APIs. This is analogous to the CLI pattern but using Web APIs. (Implementation note: enabling threading in WASM requires `wasm-bindgen` with the `--target bundler` or using `web-sys` `Worker` APIs.)
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* **Integration tips**: Use the `wasm-bindgen` guide to share data types (strings, structs) between JS and Rust. For async tests, `wasm-bindgen-futures` has examples.
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In summary, the web app compiles the same crates to Wasm and exposes them. The figure above (a network on a globe) conceptually represents the global connectivity: the browser connects to EVM nodes via WebAssembly modules, invoking Rust code. All async boundaries are handled with `spawn_local` and JS Promises (as `wasm-bindgen-futures` outlines).
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## Async and Runtime-Agnostic Best Practices
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Throughout all crates we adhere to runtime-agnostic async principles:
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* **Use `std::future::Future`** in public APIs, not a specific runtime’s types. Internally, any async work (I/O, network) should be done with `async/await`.
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* **Feature-gate runtime-specific code**: If we need to call `tokio::spawn` or `async-std`, isolate that behind `#[cfg(feature = "tokio")]` or similar. Initially, one can pick one runtime (e.g. Tokio) and make the library depend on it, then add cfg-features later.
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* **Blocking calls**: Any blocking work (file I/O, heavy crypto) is executed via a passed-in executor (e.g. require a `spawn_blocking: Fn(Box<dyn FnOnce() + Send>)` callback), as recommended by Rust forum advice. This way the library never forces a specific thread pool. For example, in `kvstore`’s sled backend, all operations are done in `spawn_blocking`.
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* **Testing**: Include tests for both native and WASM targets (using `wasm-pack test` or headless browser tests) to catch platform differences.
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* **Error handling**: Use `Result` types, with a shared error enum. Avoid panic paths – return errors across FFI boundaries.
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By decoupling logic from the runtime (using channels for Rhai, spawn\_local for WASM, cfg-features for backends), the libraries remain flexible. As one Rust discussion notes, “using `cfg(feature = "...")` to isolate the pieces that have to be runtime specific” is key. We ensure all public async APIs are `async fn` so they can be `await`ed in any context.
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## Workspace Layout and Features
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The recommended workspace layout is:
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```
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/Cargo.toml # workspace manifest
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/kvstore/Cargo.toml # kvstore crate
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/vault/Cargo.toml # vault crate
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/evm_client/Cargo.toml
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/cli_app/Cargo.toml # binary (depends on kvstore, vault, evm_client, rhai)
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/web_app/Cargo.toml # cdylib (wasm) crate (depends on kvstore, vault, evm_client, wasm-bindgen)
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```
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Each crate’s `Cargo.toml` lists its dependencies. For `kvstore`, an example feature setup:
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```toml
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[features]
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default = ["native"]
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native = ["sled"]
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web = ["idb"]
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```
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In code:
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```rust
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#[cfg(feature = "native")]
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mod sled_backend;
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#[cfg(feature = "web")]
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mod indexeddb_backend;
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```
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One could also omit features and just use `#[cfg(target_arch = "wasm32")]` for the web backend. The `wasm-bindgen` crate is included under the `web_app` for browser integration.
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## Conclusion
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This plan lays out a clear, modular architecture. Diagrams (above) conceptually show how the crates interact: `kvstore` underlies `vault`, which together support `evm_client`; the CLI and WASM targets invoke them asynchronously. We use message-passing (channels) to bridge Rhai scripts with async Rust code, and `spawn_local` in the browser to schedule futures. By following Rust async best practices (runtime-agnostic Futures, careful use of `cfg` and spawn-blocking) and wasm-bindgen conventions, the system will work seamlessly both on the desktop/CLI and in the browser.
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**Sources:** Concepts and patterns are drawn from Rust async and WASM guidelines. For example, using IndexedDB with AES-GCM in WASM keystores is inspired by existing systems. These sources guided the design of a flexible, secure architecture.
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## 🔐 `kvstore` Crate: Pluggable Key-Value Storage Layer
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**Purpose**: Provide an abstraction for key-value storage with async-compatible traits, supporting both native and WASM environments.
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### Public API
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```rust
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#[async_trait]
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pub trait KVStore {
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async fn get(&self, key: &str) -> Result<Option<Vec<u8>>, KVError>;
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async fn set(&self, key: &str, value: &[u8]) -> Result<(), KVError>;
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async fn delete(&self, key: &str) -> Result<(), KVError>;
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async fn exists(&self, key: &str) -> Result<bool, KVError>;
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}
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```
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**Backends**:
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* **Native**: [`sled`](https://crates.io/crates/sled)
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* **WASM**: [`idb`](https://crates.io/crates/idb) (IndexedDB)
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**Features**:
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* Compile-time target detection via `#[cfg(target_arch = "wasm32")]`
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* Enables usage in both CLI and browser environments
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---
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## 🛡️ `vault` Crate: Core Cryptography Module
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**Purpose**: Manage secure key storage, cryptographic operations, and password-protected keyspaces.
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### Public API
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```rust
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pub struct HeroVault;
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impl HeroVault {
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pub async fn create_keyspace(name: &str, password: &str) -> Result<(), VaultError>;
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pub async fn load_keyspace(name: &str, password: &str) -> Result<(), VaultError>;
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pub async fn logout() -> Result<(), VaultError>;
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pub async fn create_keypair(label: &str) -> Result<(), VaultError>;
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pub async fn select_keypair(label: &str) -> Result<(), VaultError>;
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pub async fn list_keypairs() -> Result<Vec<String>, VaultError>;
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pub async fn get_public_key(label: &str) -> Result<Vec<u8>, VaultError>;
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pub async fn sign_message(message: &[u8]) -> Result<Vec<u8>, VaultError>;
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pub async fn verify_signature(message: &[u8], signature: &[u8], public_key: &[u8]) -> Result<bool, VaultError>;
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pub async fn encrypt(data: &[u8], password: &str) -> Result<Vec<u8>, VaultError>;
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pub async fn decrypt(data: &[u8], password: &str) -> Result<Vec<u8>, VaultError>;
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}
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```
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**Security**:
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* All sensitive data encrypted at rest using AES-GCM or ChaCha20-Poly1305
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* Passwords stretched via Argon2id or PBKDF2
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---
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## ⚙️ `evm_client` Crate: EVM Integration Layer
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**Purpose**: Interact with Ethereum-compatible chains using key material from `vault`.
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### Public API
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```rust
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pub struct EvmClient;
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impl EvmClient {
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pub async fn connect(rpc_url: &str) -> Result<Self, EvmError>;
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pub async fn get_balance(&self, address: &str) -> Result<U256, EvmError>;
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pub async fn send_transaction(&self, to: &str, value: U256, data: &[u8]) -> Result<TxHash, EvmError>;
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pub async fn call_contract(&self, to: &str, data: &[u8]) -> Result<Vec<u8>, EvmError>;
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}
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```
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**Options**:
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* `ethers-rs` (default, mature)
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* `alloy` (alternative, lightweight and WASM-friendly)([Stack Overflow][1])
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**Usage**:
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* Transaction signing using vault keys
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* Account management and EIP-1559 support
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* Modular pluggability to support multiple networks([Medium][2])
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---
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## 🧰 CLI Interface
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**Purpose**: Provide a command-line interface for interacting with the `vault` and `evm_client` crates, with scripting capabilities via Rhai.
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### Features
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* Built with `rhai` scripting engine for dynamic workflows
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* Thin wrapper over `vault` and `evm_client`
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* Exposes custom functions to Rhai:
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```rust
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fn sign_tx(...) -> Result<String, Box<EvalAltResult>>;
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fn create_keyspace(...) -> ...;
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```
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* Asynchronous operations managed via `tokio` or `async-std`
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---
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## 🌐 WebAssembly (Browser) Target
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**Purpose**: Provide a browser-compatible interface for the `vault` and `evm_client` crates, compiled to WebAssembly.
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### Features
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* Exposed using `wasm-bindgen`
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* No Rhai scripting in browser due to native-only dependencies
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* Interaction model:
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* Expose WebAssembly bindings (async `Promise`-compatible)
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* Front-end (e.g., React) calls functions via JS bridge
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* Keyspace and signing operations run within WASM memory
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---
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## 🧠 Rhai Integration Strategy
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* Only used in CLI
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* Bind only synchronous APIs
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* Asynchronous work handled by sending commands to a background task([Deno][3])
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```rust
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rhai.register_fn("sign", move |input: String| -> String {
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let (tx, rx) = oneshot::channel();
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command_sender.send(VaultCommand::SignMessage { input, resp: tx });
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rx.blocking_recv().unwrap()
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});
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```
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---
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## 🔧 Runtime Strategy
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* **Library (`vault`, `kvstore`, `evm_client`)**:
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* Must be async-runtime agnostic
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* No global runtime should be spawned
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* Use `async-trait`, `Send + 'static` futures
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* **CLI & Web Targets**:
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* CLI: Use `tokio` or `async-std`
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* WASM: Use `wasm-bindgen-futures` and `spawn_local`
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---
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## 📐 Architecture Diagram
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```
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[ CLI (Rhai) ] [ Browser (WASM) ]
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| |
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[ Scripts ] [ JS / TS ]
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| |
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[ Runtime ] [ wasm-bindgen ]
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| |
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[ vault (async) ] [ vault (wasm32) ]
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[ kvstore (sled) ] [ kvstore (idb) ]
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```
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---
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## 📦 Dependency Overview
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| Crate | Key Deps | WASM Support |
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| ----------- | --------------------- | ---------------------------- |
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| kvstore | sled, idb | ✅ |
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| hero\_vault | aes-gcm, argon2, rand | ✅ |
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| evm\_client | alloy | ✅ |
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| CLI | rhai, tokio | ❌ |
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| Web Target | wasm-bindgen, idb | ✅ |
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---
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## 📝 Implementation Plan
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1. **Scaffold Crates**:
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* `kvstore`
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* `vault`
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* `evm_client`
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2. **Implement `KVStore` Trait**:
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* Implement `sled` backend for native
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* Implement `idb` backend for WASM
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3. **Develop `vault`**:
|
||
|
||
* Implement password-based encrypted keyspaces
|
||
* Integrate with `kvstore` for persistence
|
||
* Implement cryptographic operations (signing, encryption, etc.)([GitHub][4])
|
||
|
||
4. **Develop `evm_client`**:
|
||
|
||
* Integrate with `alloy`
|
||
* Implement transaction signing using `vault` keys
|
||
* Implement account management and contract interaction
|
||
|
||
5. **Develop CLI Interface**:
|
||
|
||
* Integrate `rhai` scripting engine
|
||
* Expose `vault` and `evm_client` functionalities
|
||
* Implement message-passing for async operations
|
||
|
||
6. **Develop WebAssembly Target**:
|
||
|
||
* Compile `vault` and `evm_client` to WASM using `wasm-bindgen`
|
||
* Expose functionalities to JavaScript
|
||
* Implement frontend interface (e.g., React)
|
||
|
||
7. **Testing and Documentation**:
|
||
|
||
* Write unit and integration tests for all functionalities
|
||
* Document public APIs and usage examples
|
||
|
||
---
|
||
|
||
This comprehensive plan ensures a modular, secure, and cross-platform cryptographic system, drawing inspiration from the `herocode/webassembly` project. The design facilitates both command-line and browser-based applications, providing
|
||
|
||
[1]: https://stackoverflow.com/questions/78979955/how-encrypt-on-blazor-wasm-wpa-using-aes-and-rfc2898?utm_source=chatgpt.com "how encrypt on blazor wasm wpa using Aes and Rfc2898"
|
||
[2]: https://medium.com/coderhack-com/coderhack-cryptography-libraries-and-uses-in-rust-31957242299f?utm_source=chatgpt.com "Cryptography with rust | by Amay B | CoderHack.com - Medium"
|
||
[3]: https://deno.com/blog/v1.12?utm_source=chatgpt.com "Deno 1.12 Release Notes"
|
||
[4]: https://github.com/matrix-org/matrix-rust-sdk-crypto-wasm/releases?utm_source=chatgpt.com "Releases · matrix-org/matrix-rust-sdk-crypto-wasm - GitHub"
|